Environment

Contents

1. Environmental issue

1) Climate change(Global warming)

· Around 70% of disasters are climate related
· The Cost of responding to disasters has risen tenfold between 1992 and 2008
· Global temperature have risen by about 0.74°C between 1906 and 2005
· Sea levels have increased about 0.17m for the 20th Century
· Widespread decrease in glaciers: Annual average arctic sea extent has shrunk by 2.7% per decade.
← 기Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations are very likely to have caused most of the increase in global average temperatures

2) Pollution

· Air Pollution ←Excessive burning of fossil fuel
· Water Pollution ←Industrial waste, Spraying insecticides and pesticides like DDT
· Soil Pollution ←Incorporation of unwanted chemicals in the soil due to human activities: use of insecticides and pesticides, release of industrial waste, mining and deforestation

3) Endocrine disruptor (ED)or Endocrine disrupting chemical(EDC)

· Some chemicals, both naturally released and man-made via industrial activities, may interfere with hormonal systems so they can mimic or partly mimic naturally occurring hormones in the body: they influence the endocrine systems and alter hormonal functions
· Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dioxins, DDT, and other chlorine-containing pesticides: 67 kinds of material identified
· Human exposure route

* Contaminated food or water
* Combustion sources from industrial processes and burning of waste
* Chemicals used in consumer products

← Water and Soil Contamination comes from the failure of industrial waste incineration and facility management: ultimately, pollution problem

4) Others

· Environmental degradation and resource depletion etc.

Environmental issue
Whart causes the man-made grennhouse effect?
What is Pollution?
Endoctine Disruptor

2. Primary cause of environmental issue

3. CO2 emission from fossil-fuel combustion

1) Human-produced CO2(Greenhouse Gas) emissions

· Burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil: 87%
· Clearing of forests and other land use changes: 9%
· Industrial process(Cement and iron manufacturing) 4%

※ Source : Le Quere, C. et al. (2013). The global carbon budget 1959-2011.

2) The three main economic sectors that use fossil fuels

a. Co2 Emissions from fuel combustion

- Electricity and heat generation Sector:41%
- Transportation sector:22%
- Industrial sector (Manufacturing, Construction, mining, agriculture):20%
- Residential and other sectors:16%

※ Source: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2012), International Energy Agency.

b. Electricity and Heat generation is the economic sector that produces the largest amount of man-made Co2 emission

· Almost all industrialized countries get the majority of their electricity from the fossil fuels combustion: 60~90%
· Only Canada and France are the exception
· China : 80% (3,600Billion KWh )of electrical energy produced by burning fossil fuel (2011)

Electrical Energy Produced By Fossil Fuel Combustion(Billion Kilowatthours)

4. Solution of environmental issue

Wind power generation - Solving environmental issues by changing our energy dependence on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas.

· Wind power is the clean energy without CO2 emission and toxic waste concern.
· Cheap and clean energy highly beneficial for modern industrial activities.